France Rail Guide: Travel from Paris to the Riviera and the Alps by Train

Rail Travel in France: High-Speed TGV and Scenic Routes from Paris to the Alps

It is the country that invented the TGV — and then built a railway network worthy of the name.

France’s rail system is one of the world’s finest. High-speed TGVs connect Paris to the Mediterranean in three hours. Regional trains wind through lavender fields, Alpine valleys, and Atlantic coastlines. And legendary international routes link France to Britain, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, and Italy.

From the Eiffel Tower to the vineyards of Burgundy, from the ski slopes of Chamonix to the beaches of Nice — French trains make it all accessible.

This is your complete guide to exploring France by rail.

France by Train: The Overview

Fact	Details
Total Network	~28,000 km of railway lines
Main Operator	SNCF (state-owned)
High-Speed Network	~2,800 km of dedicated LGV lines
Maximum Speed	320 km/h (commercial), 574.8 km/h (world record, 2007)
International Connections	UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain
Eurail/Interrail	Valid on SNCF trains (reservations required for TGV)

Why Train Travel Works in France

• Paris is the Hub: Almost all major routes pass through Paris — making connections logical.
• TGV Speed: Paris to Lyon in 2 hours. Paris to Marseille in 3 hours. Paris to Bordeaux in 2 hours.
• Scenic Diversity: Mountains, coasts, vineyards, châteaux — French trains pass through extraordinary landscapes.
• International Gateway: Eurostar to London, Thalys to Brussels, TGV to Switzerland and Spain.
• Comprehensive Coverage: Even small villages usually have a railway station.
• Gastronomic Possibilities: Breakfast in Paris, lunch in Lyon, dinner in Marseille — all by train.

The History: France and the Railway Revolution

France was not the first country to build railways, but it became one of the most important — and ultimately revolutionized rail travel with high-speed technology.

The Early Years (1827-1870)

France’s first railway opened in 1827 — a short line near Saint-Étienne for coal transport. The first passenger railway followed in 1837, connecting Paris to Le Pecq.

Under Napoleon III, railway construction accelerated. The famous “Étoile de Legrand” plan created a star-shaped network centered on Paris — a design that still defines French railways today.

By 1870, France had over 17,000 km of railway. The major companies — Compagnie du Nord, PLM (Paris-Lyon-Méditerranée), Compagnie de l’Est, and others — competed fiercely.

Nationalization and SNCF (1938)

The private companies struggled during the Depression. In 1938, the French government nationalized the railways, creating the Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF) — the French National Railway Company.

SNCF became one of the world’s largest railway operators, running everything from suburban commuter trains to international expresses.

The TGV Revolution (1981-Present)

France’s greatest railway achievement came on September 27, 1981: the launch of the TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse) — the high-speed train.

The first LGV (Ligne à Grande Vitesse) connected Paris to Lyon. Trains ran at 260 km/h — unprecedented for regular passenger service. The TGV was a sensation.

Since then, France has built an extensive high-speed network:

• 1989: TGV Atlantique (Paris-Tours-Bordeaux, Paris-Le Mans-Rennes)
• 1993: Eurostar launched (Paris-London via Channel Tunnel)
• 1994: TGV Nord (Paris-Lille-Brussels)
• 2001: TGV Méditerranée (Lyon-Marseille extended)
• 2007: TGV Est (Paris-Strasbourg)
• 2017: LGV Atlantique extensions (Paris-Bordeaux in 2h 04min)

In 2007, a modified TGV set the world rail speed record: 574.8 km/h. No other wheeled train has ever gone faster.

Today, French high-speed trains carry over 100 million passengers annually.

The Operators: Who Runs French Trains?

SNCF (The National Railway)

SNCF is France’s national railway company, operating nearly all passenger trains in the country. It is state-owned but operates commercially.

Aspect	Details
Ownership	State-owned (French government)
Network	Nationwide — all regions
Train Types	TGV INOUI, OUIGO, Intercités, TER
High-Speed Routes	All major TGV lines
Regional Services	TER regional trains
International	Eurostar, Thalys, TGV Lyria, TGV to Spain/Italy
Eurail/Interrail	VALID (reservations required for TGV)
Website	sncf-connect.com

SNCF is actually a group of companies:

• SNCF Voyageurs: Passenger services (TGV, Intercités, TER)
• SNCF Réseau: Infrastructure management
• Keolis: International operations, some regional contracts

Train Types at a Glance

Train	Speed	Routes	Notes
TGV INOUI	Up to 320 km/h	Major high-speed routes	Premium high-speed service
OUIGO	Up to 320 km/h	Selected high-speed routes	Low-cost high-speed
Intercités	Up to 200 km/h	Non-high-speed long distance	Connects cities without LGV
TER	Up to 160 km/h	Regional services	Regional trains, all areas
Eurostar	Up to 320 km/h	Paris-London-Brussels	International to UK/Belgium
Thalys	Up to 320 km/h	Paris-Brussels-Amsterdam-Cologne	International to Benelux/Germany
TGV Lyria	Up to 320 km/h	Paris-Geneva-Lausanne-Zurich-Basel	International to Switzerland

OUIGO: The Low-Cost TGV

OUIGO deserves special attention. Launched in 2013, it is SNCF’s low-cost high-speed service — essentially a budget airline model applied to trains.

Feature	OUIGO	TGV INOUI
Speed	Same (320 km/h)	Same
Stations	Often suburban (e.g., Marne-la-Vallée, Lyon Saint-Exupéry)	Usually central
Legroom	Less	More
Luggage	Small bag free; larger bags extra	Generous
Food/Drink	Buy onboard (no trolley service)	Bar car, seat service in 1st
Tickets	Online only	Online or station
Changes/Refunds	Very limited	More flexible
Price	From €10-19	From €29-50+

OUIGO Verdict: Great for budget travel if you pack light and do not mind suburban stations. Not as comfortable, but the same speed for a fraction of the price.

International Operators

Several international services operate on French rails:

OperatorRoutesNotesEurostarParis-London, Paris-Brussels, London-AmsterdamThrough the Channel TunnelThalysParis-Brussels-Amsterdam, Paris-CologneBeing merged with EurostarTGV LyriaParis-Switzerland (Geneva, Lausanne, Zurich, Basel)Joint SNCF-SBB ventureRenfe-SNCFParis-Barcelona, Lyon-BarcelonaHigh-speed to SpainDB-SNCFParis-Frankfurt, Paris-Stuttgart, Paris-MunichGerman ICE and French TGVThelloParis-Venice (night train)Currently suspendedNightjetParis-Vienna (planned/new)ÖBB night trains

Regional Operators

TER (Transport Express Régional) services are funded by regional governments but operated by SNCF (or, increasingly, private companies).

Some regions have specific characteristics:

• Île-de-France: Transilien suburban network (RER, Transilien lines)
• Corsica: Chemins de fer de la Corse (separate narrow-gauge network)
• Provence: TER Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (scenic coastal and mountain routes)

Train Types: A Complete Guide

High-Speed Trains

TGV INOUI

The flagship of French rail — fast, comfortable, and extensive.

Feature	Details
Speed	Up to 320 km/h
Routes	All major LGV lines
Classes	Second Class, First Class, Business Première
Amenities	Wi-Fi, power outlets, bar car, family areas
Reservation	Mandatory
Best For	Long-distance travel, comfort, reliability

TGV INOUI trains are modern double-deck units (TGV Duplex) or single-deck sets. The service level is high — leather seats in first class, meal service in Business Première, and generally smooth operations.

OUIGO

Budget high-speed — same trains, fewer frills, lower prices.

Feature	Details
Speed	Up to 320 km/h (same as TGV INOUI)
Routes	Paris-Lyon, Paris-Marseille, Paris-Bordeaux, Paris-Nantes, Paris-Strasbourg, and more
Classes	Single class only
Amenities	Basic — no bar car, limited legroom
Luggage	Small cabin bag free; hand luggage and large bags cost extra
Stations	Often peripheral (Marne-la-Vallée, Lyon Saint-Exupéry, Tourcoing)
Reservation	Mandatory (online only)
Best For	Budget travelers, light packers, flexible schedules

OUIGO Tip: Check which station the train uses. Paris “OUIGO” trains often depart from Marne-la-Vallée (Disneyland area) rather than central Paris stations.

OUIGO Train Classique

A newer OUIGO variant using conventional (non-high-speed) trains on regional routes.

Feature	Details
Speed	Conventional (up to 160 km/h)
Routes	Paris-Lyon (classic line), Paris-Nantes (classic), and others
Price	From €10
Best For	Very budget-conscious travelers with time

Long-Distance Conventional Trains

Intercités

Long-distance trains on routes without high-speed infrastructure.

Feature	Details
Speed	Up to 200 km/h
Routes	Paris-Normandy, Bordeaux-Nice, Paris-Clermont-Ferrand, etc.
Classes	Second Class, First Class
Reservation	Required on some routes, optional on others
Best For	Scenic routes, regional connections, destinations not on LGV

Intercités trains are slower but often more scenic than TGVs, following older routes through beautiful countryside.

Intercités de Nuit (Night Trains)

France’s overnight train network has shrunk dramatically but still offers key routes.

Feature	Details
Routes	Paris-Briançon (Alps), Paris-Rodez-Toulouse, Paris-Nice (seasonal)
Accommodation	Seats, couchettes (4 or 6 berth)
Reservation	Mandatory for beds
Best For	Budget overnight travel, reaching remote destinations

The French government has announced plans to revive night trains, with new routes potentially including Paris-Nice and Paris-Tarbes.

Regional Trains

TER (Transport Express Régional)

The backbone of French regional rail — connecting cities, towns, and villages.

Feature	Details
Speed	Up to 160 km/h
Routes	Within each region, plus some inter-regional
Classes	Second Class, First Class (on some trains)
Reservation	Not required (just buy ticket and board)
Best For	Short trips, scenic routes, reaching small towns

TER trains vary dramatically in quality — from modern double-deck trains in Île-de-France to older single cars in rural Brittany. But they reach everywhere, and tickets are cheap.

Important: TER tickets must sometimes be validated (composté) in yellow machines before boarding. This is being phased out but still applies in some regions.

Transilien / RER (Paris Region)

Paris has an extensive suburban rail network:

• RER: Five lines (A, B, C, D, E) crossing Paris through tunnels, connecting suburbs
• Transilien: Surface suburban lines from Paris termini

These are commuter services but essential for reaching airports (RER B to CDG), Versailles (RER C, Transilien L/U), and Disneyland (RER A).

The High-Speed Network: LGV Lines

France pioneered high-speed rail and built the first extensive network in Europe.

The LGV Map

France’s high-speed lines radiate from Paris like spokes of a wheel:

Line	Route	Opened	Key Destinations
LGV Sud-Est	Paris → Lyon	1981-1983	Lyon, continuing to Marseille, Montpellier
LGV Atlantique	Paris → Tours/Le Mans	1989-1990	Bordeaux, Nantes, Rennes
LGV Nord	Paris → Lille	1993	Lille, London (Eurostar), Brussels (Thalys)
LGV Rhône-Alpes	Lyon → Valence	1992-1994	Connecting to Méditerranée
LGV Méditerranée	Valence → Marseille	2001	Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, Avignon
LGV Est Européenne	Paris → Strasbourg	2007-2016	Reims, Metz, Nancy, Strasbourg
LGV Rhin-Rhône	Dijon → Mulhouse	2011	Connecting to Germany/Switzerland
LGV Sud Europe Atlantique	Tours → Bordeaux	2017	Bordeaux in 2h 04min from Paris
LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire	Le Mans → Rennes	2017	Rennes in 1h 25min from Paris

Journey Times from Paris

Destination	Distance	TGV Time	Trains/Day
Lyon	465 km	1h 55min	25+
Marseille	775 km	3h 05min	17+
Bordeaux	569 km	2h 04min	18+
Strasbourg	490 km	1h 46min	16+
Lille	225 km	1h 00min	20+
Rennes	370 km	1h 25min	12+
Nantes	395 km	2h 15min	14+
Toulouse	710 km	4h 15min	10+
Nice	960 km	5h 35min	6+
Montpellier	755 km	3h 20min	12+

Future Expansion

Several new lines are planned or under construction:

Project	Route	Status
LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse	Extending south from Bordeaux	Planned
LGV PACA	Marseille-Nice high-speed	Long-delayed, controversial
LGV Montpellier-Perpignan	Completing Mediterranean corridor	Partially funded

The Price: What French Trains Cost

French train pricing follows the airline model — prices vary dramatically based on demand, advance booking, and flexibility.

TGV INOUI Pricing

Route	Lowest Advance	Flexible Standard	First Class
Paris → Lyon	€19-29	€60-90	€80-140
Paris → Marseille	€25-39	€90-130	€120-180
Paris → Bordeaux	€19-35	€70-110	€95-160
Paris → Strasbourg	€25-35	€70-100	€90-140
Paris → Nice	€35-59	€120-160	€150-220

OUIGO Pricing

Route	Lowest Price	Typical Price
Paris → Lyon	€10-16	€19-35
Paris → Marseille	€10-19	€25-49
Paris → Bordeaux	€10-16	€19-39
Paris → Strasbourg	€10-16	€19-35
Paris → Nantes	€10-16	€19-35

Note: OUIGO charges extra for luggage larger than a small cabin bag. Factor this into your price comparison.

Intercités Pricing

Route	Standard Fare	Advance Fare
Paris → Rouen	€20-28	€10-18
Paris → Caen	€30-40	€15-25
Bordeaux → Nice	€50-80	€25-45

TER Pricing

TER prices are fixed and relatively cheap. No advance booking discount — just buy when you need.

Example Route	Price
Lyon → Annecy	€20-25
Marseille → Cassis	€6-8
Nice → Monaco	€4-5
Bordeaux → Arcachon	€12-15
Strasbourg → Colmar	€13-15

How to Get the Best Prices

1. Book Early: The best TGV fares (Prem’s/Première) open 4 months in advance and sell out quickly.
2. Use OUIGO: If departing from peripheral stations works for you, OUIGO can save 50-70%.
3. Be Flexible: Traveling mid-week and at off-peak times is cheaper.
4. Carte Avantage: SNCF’s discount cards (see below) provide 30% off for frequent travelers.
5. Compare with Intercités: Sometimes the slower train is much cheaper.
6. Check for Promos: SNCF runs flash sales, especially for new routes.

SNCF Discount Cards (Cartes Avantage)

SNCF offers discount cards for different traveler categories:

Card	Who	Cost	Discount
Carte Avantage Jeune	12-27 years old	€49/year	30% off TGV, 60% off TER
Carte Avantage Adulte	28-59 years old	€49/year	30% off TGV when traveling with another person
Carte Avantage Senior	60+ years old	€49/year	30% off TGV
Carte Avantage Famille	Families with children	€49/year	30% off for up to 3 adults, kids travel at €8 flat
Carte Avantage Week-end	All ages	€49/year	30% off weekend TGV travel

Are They Worth It? If you take 3-4 TGV trips per year, the card pays for itself. For heavy travelers, it is essential.

Max Jeune and Max Senior

For travelers under 27 or over 60, SNCF offers subscription services:

Service	Cost	Benefit
Max Jeune	€79/month	Unlimited TGV travel in 2nd class (subject to availability)
Max Senior	€79/month	Same for seniors

These are extraordinary deals if you travel frequently.

Rail Passes: Are They Worth It?

Eurail / Interrail France Pass

Pass Type	3 Days	4 Days	5 Days	8 Days
Adult (2nd class)	~€175	~€205	~€235	~€305
Youth (2nd class)	~€140	~€165	~€190	~€245

What’s Included:

• All SNCF trains (TGV, Intercités, TER)
• Reservation fees are extra (€10-20 for TGV, mandatory)
• Some international trains (Eurostar, Thalys, TGV Lyria) with supplements

What’s NOT Included:

• OUIGO (not covered by rail passes)
• Eurostar/Thalys/Lyria passholder fares are limited and require supplements

Is a Rail Pass Worth It in France?

Probably NOT for France alone.

Here is why:

• TGV reservations are mandatory (€10-20 each)
• Advance TGV tickets can be as cheap as €19-29
• OUIGO (not covered by passes) offers even lower prices
• Passholder quotas on popular TGV trains are limited

Example Calculation:

• Paris → Lyon advance ticket: €25
• Lyon → Marseille advance ticket: €22
• Marseille → Nice advance ticket: €15
• Nice → Paris advance ticket: €39
• Total with tickets: €101 (plus flexibility)
• 3-Day France Pass: €175 + €50+ in reservations = €225+

Individual tickets win clearly — IF you book in advance.

When a Pass DOES Make Sense:

• Spontaneous travel (cannot book ahead)
• Heavy use of TER regional trains (no reservation fees)
• Combined France + other countries (Global Pass)
• Traveling during peak times when advance tickets are sold out

Eurail Global Pass

If you are visiting France as part of a larger European trip, the Global Pass becomes more attractive:

Pass Type	4 Days	5 Days	7 Days	15 Days
Adult (2nd class)	~€295	~€335	~€410	~€545

The Global Pass works well when you are crossing multiple countries and using a mix of TGV (reserved) and TER/regional (no reservation) trains.

Scenic Routes: The Beautiful Journeys

France is not just about speed. Some of the most rewarding train journeys are the slow ones.

1. The Train des Pignes (Nice → Digne-les-Bains)

The Route: From the Côte d’Azur into the Provençal Alps.

Details
Distance	151 km
Duration	3h 15min
Train Type	Chemins de fer de Provence (private railway)
Scenery	★★★★★
Highlight	Gorges, Alpine villages, lavender fields, dramatic viaducts

This narrow-gauge railway climbs from Mediterranean Nice into the wild Haute-Provence, crossing stunning viaducts and passing through 25 tunnels. It is one of France’s most beautiful train rides.

Note: NOT covered by Eurail/Interrail. Buy tickets separately (~€25).

2. The Ligne des Cévennes (Clermont-Ferrand → Nîmes)

The Route: Through the volcanic Auvergne and the wild Cévennes mountains.

Details
Distance	306 km
Duration	5-6 hours
Train Type	Intercités
Scenery	★★★★★
Highlight	Volcanoes, gorges, viaducts, medieval villages

The “Cévenol” is France’s most dramatic long-distance scenic train. The route crosses 106 viaducts and passes through 48 tunnels, including the spectacular traverse of the Cévennes mountains.

Pro Tip: The section between Langogne and Alès is the most dramatic. Sit on the right side heading south.

3. The Côte Bleue (Marseille → Miramas via L’Estaque)

The Route: Along the Mediterranean coast west of Marseille.

Details
Distance	~55 km
Duration	50 minutes
Train Type	TER
Scenery	★★★★★
Highlight	Mediterranean sea, rocky coves, coastal villages, viaducts

This coastal TER route hugs the rugged Côte Bleue, passing through tunnels carved into cliffs and emerging for stunning sea views. The villages of Niolon, La Redonne, and Carry-le-Rouet are postcard-perfect.

4. The Train Jaune (Villefranche-de-Conflent → Latour-de-Carol)

The Route: Through the French Pyrenees on a historic narrow-gauge railway.

Details
Distance	63 km
Duration	2-3 hours
Train Type	SNCF TER (special narrow gauge)
Scenery	★★★★★
Highlight	Pyrenean peaks, the Pont Séjourné viaduct, open-air carriages in summer

The “Yellow Train” (Train Jaune) climbs to 1,593 meters — the highest railway station in France (Bolquère-Eyne). The route passes Catalan villages, mountain pastures, and the famous fortifications of Mont-Louis.

Pro Tip: In summer, ride in the open-air “découverte” carriages for the full experience. Covered by Eurail/Interrail.

5. The Nice → Cuneo Line (Tender Railway)

The Route: From the French Riviera over the Alps into Italy.

Details
Distance	~100 km (Nice to Cuneo, Italy)
Duration	2.5-3 hours
Train Type	TER
Scenery	★★★★★
Highlight	Roya Valley gorges, spiral tunnels, medieval villages, crossing into Italy

This engineering marvel climbs from Mediterranean Nice through spectacular gorges, using spiral tunnels to gain altitude, before crossing into Italy. Villages like Breil-sur-Roya, Saorge, and Tende are stunning.

Note: The line was damaged by floods in 2020 and has been partially restored. Check current operations before travel.

6. The TGV Paris → Marseille

The Route: High-speed through Burgundy and the Rhône Valley.

Details
Distance	775 km
Duration	3h 05min
Train Type	TGV INOUI
Scenery	★★★★ (flashes of beauty at 320 km/h)
Highlight	Burgundy vineyards, Rhône Valley, Provençal landscapes

Even at 320 km/h, the Paris-Marseille TGV offers scenic moments: the rolling Burgundy hills, the industrial Rhône corridor, and the sudden burst of Provençal light as you near the Mediterranean.

7. The Bordeaux → Sarlat Line

The Route: Into the heart of the Dordogne.

Details
Distance	~180 km
Duration	2.5-3 hours
Train Type	TER
Scenery	★★★★
Highlight	Dordogne Valley, medieval villages, château country

This route winds through the beautiful Dordogne region — land of châteaux, medieval villages, and foie gras. The train follows the river valley past places like Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda (one of France’s prettiest towns).

8. The Mont Blanc Express (St-Gervais → Vallorcine)

The Route: Through the French Alps toward Chamonix and Switzerland.

Details
Distance	~40 km (French section)
Duration	1 hour
Train Type	SNCF TER (rack railway section)
Scenery	★★★★★
Highlight	Mont Blanc massif, Alpine glaciers, Chamonix valley

This mountain railway climbs from St-Gervais-les-Bains to Chamonix and beyond to Vallorcine (where it connects to Switzerland). The views of Mont Blanc and the Aiguille du Midi are breathtaking.

Connection: Continues as the Mont Blanc Express to Martigny, Switzerland.

9. The Ligne de la Maurienne (Chambéry → Modane)

The Route: Through the French Alps toward the Mont Cenis Tunnel and Italy.

Details
Distance	~115 km
Duration	1.5-2 hours
Train Type	TER, Intercités
Scenery	★★★★★
Highlight	Arc Valley, Alpine peaks, Modane fortress, gateway to Italy

This historic line climbs the Maurienne valley — the route Napoleon used to cross the Alps. The scenery is dramatic: glaciers, fortress towns, and the high Alps on all sides.

10. The Corsican Railway (Bastia → Ajaccio)

The Route: Across the mountains of Corsica.

Details
Distance	158 km
Duration	3.5-4 hours
Train Type	Chemins de fer de la Corse (CFC)
Scenery	★★★★★
Highlight	Mountain passes, chestnut forests, the Vizzavona pass, Genoese bridges

Corsica has its own narrow-gauge railway, completely separate from mainland France. The line between Bastia and Ajaccio crosses the island’s mountainous spine, reaching 906 meters at Vizzavona.

Note: NOT covered by Eurail/Interrail. Buy tickets separately.

Regional Guide: France by Area

Paris and Île-de-France

The hub of French railways — almost all routes pass through the capital.

Paris Station	Destinations
Gare du Nord	London (Eurostar), Brussels (Thalys), Lille, Northern France
Gare de l’Est	Strasbourg, Nancy, Metz, Luxembourg, Germany
Gare de Lyon	Lyon, Marseille, Provence, Côte d’Azur, Switzerland, Italy
Gare Montparnasse	Bordeaux, Nantes, Rennes, Brittany, Southwest France
Gare Saint-Lazare	Normandy (Rouen, Caen, Le Havre)
Gare d’Austerlitz	Orléans, Toulouse (some trains), Limoges, night trains

Paris Tips:

• Stations are NOT connected underground. Allow 45+ minutes to transfer between stations.
• The Métro connects all major stations — but with luggage, taxis or Uber may be easier.
• RER B connects Gare du Nord to CDG Airport.

Northern France (Hauts-de-France, Normandy)

Hub	Key Connections	Notes
Lille	Paris (1h), London (1h 20min), Brussels (35min)	Gateway to Belgium, high-speed hub
Rouen	Paris (1h 15min), Caen, Le Havre	Seine Valley capital
Caen	Paris (2h), Cherbourg, Rouen	D-Day beaches accessible by bus
Amiens	Paris (1h 10min), Lille	Gothic cathedral city

Northern Highlights:

• Eurostar to London (2h 15min from Paris)
• Normandy coast (D-Day beaches, Mont-Saint-Michel — bus from Rennes or Pontorson)
• Champagne region (TGV to Reims, 45 minutes from Paris)

Eastern France (Alsace, Lorraine, Burgundy, Franche-Comté)

Hub	Key Connections	Notes
Strasbourg	Paris (1h 46min), Frankfurt (1h 50min), Basel (1h 20min)	European Parliament city
Colmar	Strasbourg (30min), Basel (45min)	Alsatian wine country
Dijon	Paris (1h 40min), Lyon (1h 40min), Besançon	Burgundy wine capital
Nancy	Paris (1h 30min), Metz, Strasbourg	Art Nouveau architecture

Eastern Highlights:

• Strasbourg Christmas markets (December)
• Alsace Wine Route (TER from Strasbourg to Colmar, buses to villages)
• Burgundy vineyards (TER from Dijon through Beaune)

Central France (Auvergne, Centre-Val de Loire)

Hub	Key Connections	Notes
Clermont-Ferrand	Paris (3h 30min), Lyon (2h 30min), Nîmes	Volcanic Auvergne gateway
Tours	Paris (1h 15min), Bordeaux (2h 30min)	Loire Valley châteaux
Orléans	Paris (1h), Tours	Joan of Arc city

Central Highlights:

• Loire Valley châteaux (TER from Tours to Amboise, Blois, Chenonceau)
• Ligne des Cévennes (Clermont-Ferrand to Nîmes)
• Auvergne volcanoes (TER from Clermont-Ferrand)

Western France (Brittany, Pays de la Loire)

Hub	Key Connections	Notes
Rennes	Paris (1h 25min), Nantes, Saint-Malo	Breton capital
Nantes	Paris (2h 15min), Bordeaux (3h 30min), Rennes	Loire Atlantique hub
Brest	Paris (4h 30min), Rennes (2h)	Far western Brittany
Quimper	Paris (4h 15min), Rennes (2h 30min)	Finistère, Celtic Brittany

Western Highlights:

• Saint-Malo (TER from Rennes, 50 minutes)
• Mont-Saint-Michel (bus from Rennes or Pontorson)
• Quiberon Peninsula (TER from Auray)
• Carnac megaliths (TER to Auray, then bus)

Southwestern France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Occitanie)

Hub	Key Connections	Notes
Bordeaux	Paris (2h 04min), Toulouse (2h), Spain	Wine capital of the world
Toulouse	Paris (4h 15min), Bordeaux, Barcelona (3h)	Aerospace and rugby city
Biarritz	Paris (4h 30min), Bordeaux, San Sebastián	Basque coast resort
Lourdes	Paris (5h), Toulouse	Pilgrimage town, Pyrenees gateway
Montpellier	Paris (3h 20min), Marseille (1h 40min), Barcelona	Mediterranean university city

Southwestern Highlights:

• Bordeaux wine regions (TER to Saint-Émilion)
• Dordogne Valley (TER from Bordeaux to Sarlat)
• Carcassonne (TGV from Toulouse or Montpellier)
• Pyrenees access from Lourdes and Pau

Southeastern France (Provence, Côte d’Azur, Rhône-Alpes)

Hub	Key Connections	Notes
Lyon	Paris (1h 55min), Marseille (1h 40min), Geneva (1h 50min)	Gastronomic capital
Marseille	Paris (3h 05min), Lyon, Nice, Barcelona	Mediterranean port city
Nice	Paris (5h 35min), Marseille (2h 30min), Monaco	Côte d’Azur capital
Avignon	Paris (2h 40min), Marseille (30min), Lyon (1h)	Papal palace, Provence gateway
Grenoble	Paris (3h), Lyon (1h 20min), Chambéry	Alpine metropolis
Annecy	Lyon (1h 45min), Geneva (45min), Chambéry	Lake and mountain gem
Chamonix	St-Gervais (40min), Geneva (2h via bus)	Mont Blanc resort

Southeastern Highlights:

• Côte d’Azur coastal TER (Nice-Monaco-Menton)
• Provence (Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, Arles — TER network)
• French Alps (TGV to Chambéry or Grenoble, TER into mountains)
• Gorges du Verdon (accessible from Marseille or Nice with bus connections)

The French Riviera: A Special Focus

The Côte d’Azur is one of France’s most popular destinations, and the trains are spectacular.

Coastal Route	Key Stops	Notes
Marseille → Toulon	Cassis, La Ciotat, Bandol	Less glamorous but beautiful
Toulon → Nice	Saint-Raphaël, Cannes, Antibes	Classic Riviera coastline
Nice → Monaco	Villefranche-sur-Mer, Beaulieu, Èze	Stunning cliff-side railway
Monaco → Ventimiglia (Italy)	Menton, Italian border	International connection

Pro Tip: Take TER trains for the coastal scenery. TGVs often bypass the coast via inland tunnels.

Mountains: Alps and Pyrenees

The French Alps

Station	Ski Resorts Accessible	Summer Activities
Bourg-Saint-Maurice	Les Arcs, La Rosière, Tignes/Val d’Isère (bus)	Hiking, rafting
Moûtiers	Les Trois Vallées (Méribel, Courchevel, Val Thorens)	Hiking
Saint-Gervais	Saint-Gervais, Megève, Chamonix (Mont Blanc Express)	Mont Blanc, hiking
Grenoble	Chamrousse, Les Deux Alpes (bus), Alpe d’Huez (bus)	Mountain sports
Chambéry	Les Karellis, La Norma	Gateway to Vanoise
Briançon	Serre Chevalier, Montgenèvre	Highest city in France

Alps Access: The “TGV des Neiges” services run direct from Paris to Alpine stations during ski season.

The Pyrenees

Station	Access To	Notes
Lourdes	Cauterets, Gavarnie	Pilgrimage town + mountain gateway
Pau	Winter sports, hiking	Château, mountain views
Latour-de-Carol	Andorra (bus), Spain	Train Jaune terminus
Ax-les-Thermes	Andorra (bus)	Thermal spa town

Pyrenees Access: Less developed railway access than the Alps. Buses connect train stations to mountain resorts.

International Connections

France is the European rail crossroads — connected to more countries by high-speed train than any other.

Eurostar (UK, Belgium, Netherlands)

Route	Duration	Frequency
Paris Gare du Nord → London St Pancras	2h 15min	15+ daily
Paris → Brussels Midi	1h 20min	10+ daily
Paris → Amsterdam Centraal	3h 20min	3+ daily
London → Brussels	2h	Multiple daily
London → Amsterdam	4h	Multiple daily

Eurostar Tips:

• Check in 30+ minutes before departure (security and passport control)
• Eurail/Interrail: passholder fares available but limited and require supplement
• Book early for the best prices (from €39 one-way)

Thalys (Belgium, Netherlands, Germany)

Route	Duration	Frequency
Paris → Brussels	1h 20min	Every 30 min to 1 hour
Paris → Amsterdam	3h 20min	Multiple daily
Paris → Cologne	3h 20min	Multiple daily

Note: Thalys is being merged with Eurostar into a single operation.

TGV Lyria (Switzerland)

Route	Duration	Frequency
Paris → Geneva	3h 05min	8+ daily
Paris → Lausanne	3h 40min	Multiple daily
Paris → Zurich	4h 05min	5+ daily
Paris → Basel	3h 05min	4+ daily

Lyria Tips:

• Joint SNCF-SBB operation
• Eurail/Interrail: reservation required, passholder fares available
• Geneva trains often continue to Brig (for Zermatt connections)

TGV to Spain

Route	Duration	Frequency
Paris → Barcelona	6h 25min	2 daily
Lyon → Barcelona	4h 50min	2 daily
Montpellier → Barcelona	2h 50min	4+ daily
Marseille → Barcelona	4h 45min	2 daily

Spain Tips:

• Operated jointly by SNCF and Renfe
• Eurail/Interrail requires reservation (€10-30)
• Alternative: TGV to Perpignan, then Renfe AVE to Barcelona

TGV/ICE to Germany

Route	Duration	Frequency
Paris → Frankfurt	3h 50min	5+ daily
Paris → Stuttgart	3h 10min	4+ daily
Paris → Munich	5h 40min	2+ daily

Germany Tips:

• Mix of French TGV and German ICE trains
• Eurail/Interrail: reservation recommended but not always mandatory
• Strasbourg is a convenient break point

Trains to Italy

Route	Duration	Notes
Paris → Turin	5h 40min	TGV via Modane
Paris → Milan	7h 10min	TGV via Turin or change in Lyon
Nice → Genoa	3h	Regional TER + Trenitalia
Nice → Cuneo	2.5h	TER through spectacular scenery

Italy Tips:

• High-speed options via TGV to Turin, then Trenitalia
• The Nice-Ventimiglia-Genoa coastal route is scenic but slow
• Thello overnight Paris-Venice is currently suspended

Night Trains: Sleep Your Way Across France

France’s night train network has contracted but is being revived. Current and planned routes:

Current Routes

Route	Accommodation	Notes
Paris → Briançon	Couchettes	Through the Alps, arrives in ski country
Paris → Latour-de-Carol	Couchettes	Pyrenees, connects to Spain and Train Jaune
Paris → Rodez → Toulouse	Couchettes	Southwest France
Paris → Nice (seasonal)	Couchettes, sleepers	Summer service, being restored

Planned/Proposed Routes

The French government has announced plans to revive night trains:

• Paris → Nice (restored/expanded)
• Paris → Tarbes (Pyrenees)
• Connecting routes to Spain and Italy

Night Train Tips

• Book early — couchettes sell out in summer and ski season
• Bring earplugs and an eye mask
• Facilities are basic — shared toilets, no showers on most services
• Arrive at the station early for boarding

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Practical Tips for French Train Travel

Buying Tickets

Online (Recommended):

• SNCF Connect — official SNCF booking site
• OUIGO — for OUIGO budget trains
• Trainline — compares SNCF and OUIGO (small fee)

At the Station:

• Ticket machines (touch screen, English available)
• Ticket offices (be prepared to queue)
• OUIGO: online only — cannot buy at stations

Booking Timeline:

• TGV tickets open ~4 months in advance
• The cheapest “Prem’s” fares sell out within days of opening
• Set a calendar reminder for routes you know you will need

Validating Tickets (Compostage)

Historically, French paper tickets required stamping in yellow machines before boarding. This practice is being phased out but may still apply in some cases:

• E-tickets/mobile tickets: No validation needed
• Print-at-home tickets: No validation needed
• Paper tickets from machines (TER, some Intercités): May require validation in some regions

When in doubt, look for the yellow validation machines on platforms and stamp your ticket.

Station Navigation

French stations range from grand 19th-century palaces (Paris Gare de Lyon) to modern high-speed stations (Avignon TGV).

Key Vocabulary:

• “Départs” = Departures
• “Arrivées” = Arrivals
• “Voie” = Platform/Track
• “Quai” = Platform (older terminology)
• “Correspondances” = Connections
• “Accueil” = Information/Help
• “Consigne” = Left luggage

Paris Station Tips:

• Allow ample time between stations (Métro + walking = 45+ minutes)
• Gare du Nord and Gare de l’Est are adjacent — walk between them
• Gare de Lyon and Gare d’Austerlitz are within walking distance
• Montparnasse is isolated on the left bank

On the Train

Seat Numbers: TGV and Intercités trains have assigned seats. Your ticket shows:

• Voiture (carriage number)
• Place (seat number)

Find your carriage on the platform display before boarding.

Luggage:

• No weight limits
• Overhead racks and end-of-carriage storage
• Keep valuables with you
• Large items (bikes, skis) may require reservations

Food and Drink:

• TGV INOUI: Bar car with snacks, drinks, sandwiches, wine
• Business Première: Meal served at seat
• OUIGO: Snack sales on board, but limited selection
• TER/Intercités: Usually no catering — bring your own

Wi-Fi and Power:

• TGV INOUI: Free Wi-Fi, power outlets at most seats
• OUIGO: Wi-Fi available, fewer power outlets
• TER: Variable — newer trains have Wi-Fi, older ones do not

Strikes (Grèves)

French railway workers have a proud tradition of striking. Grèves (strikes) happen periodically.

What to Know:

• Minimum service is usually maintained (1 in 3 or 1 in 5 trains)
• Check SNCF website/app for strike announcements
• TGV services are usually less affected than TER
• Have a backup plan (bus, rental car)
• Your ticket is valid on other trains if yours is cancelled

Delays and Disruptions

During Disruption:

• Check the SNCF Connect app for real-time updates
• Look at departure boards for “Retard” (delay) information
• “Supprimé” = Cancelled
• If your train is significantly delayed, you may be entitled to compensation

Compensation:

• 30+ minute delay on TGV: 25-50% refund
• Request via SNCF website within 60 days

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Classes of Service: What to Choose

TGV INOUI

Class	Features	Who It’s For
Seconde (2nd Class)	Comfortable seats, power outlets, Wi-Fi	Most travelers
Première (1st Class)	More space, larger seats, quieter	Comfort seekers, business travelers
Business Première	Premium seats, meal service, lounge access, flexible tickets	Business, luxury

Is First Class Worth It?

For short journeys (under 2 hours), probably not — second class is comfortable.

For longer journeys (3+ hours), first class offers:

• Larger seats with more recline
• More legroom
• Quieter atmosphere
• Sometimes better availability

Business Première is expensive but includes:

• Lounge access at major stations
• Hot meal at seat
• Fully flexible tickets
• Priority boarding

OUIGO

OUIGO has only one class — equivalent to basic second class but with:

• Less legroom
• No bar car
• Luggage restrictions
• Lower prices

It is fine for short to medium journeys. For 4+ hours, consider paying more for TGV INOUI comfort.

TER Regional Trains

Most TER trains have only second class. Some have first class, but the difference is minimal. Save your money and sit in second.

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Common Mistakes to Avoid

1. Missing Trains Due to Station Confusion

Paris has SIX major stations, each serving different destinations. Marseille has two main stations (Saint-Charles and TGV). Check carefully which station your train uses.

2. Not Booking TGV Tickets in Advance

The difference between advance and last-minute TGV prices can be €100+. Book 6-12 weeks ahead for the best deals.

3. Assuming OUIGO Departs from Central Stations

Many OUIGO trains use peripheral stations (Marne-la-Vallée, Lyon Saint-Exupéry, Tourcoing). Check before booking.

4. Forgetting OUIGO Luggage Fees

OUIGO’s headline prices do not include large luggage. A cabin bag is free, but hand luggage and large bags cost extra. Factor this in when comparing prices.

5. Not Reserving TGV with Rail Passes

Eurail/Interrail requires reservations on TGV trains (€10-20 each). Passholder seats are limited — book as early as possible for popular routes.

6. Ignoring Regional Trains

TGV is not always the answer. TER regional trains are:

• Often more scenic
• Cheaper
• No reservation required
• Good for short distances

Paris to Chartres? TER is cheaper and nearly as fast as Intercités.

7. Not Checking for Strikes

Strikes happen. Check SNCF’s website before travel, especially if there is news of industrial action.

8. Trying to Connect Between Paris Stations Too Quickly

Allow at least 60-90 minutes to cross Paris between stations. The Métro is crowded, and stations are large.

9. Assuming All French Trains Have Dining Cars

Only TGV INOUI has proper bar service. Intercités and TER trains usually have nothing. Bring snacks and water.

10. Dismissing Intercités

Intercités trains are slower but often cheaper and more scenic. The Paris-Normandy Intercités are comfortable and frequent. The Cévenol is spectacular.

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The Best French Train Journeys: A Summary

Journey	Why It’s Special
Paris → Marseille (TGV)	3 hours, 775 km — the original TGV route through Provence
Ligne des Cévennes	France’s most dramatic scenic railway — volcanoes to Mediterranean
Train des Pignes	Nice to the Provençal Alps on a narrow-gauge gem
Train Jaune	Through the Pyrenees, open-air carriages, highest station in France
Côte Bleue	Marseille to coastal villages on Mediterranean cliffs
Nice → Monaco (TER)	Côte d’Azur cliff-hugging coastline
Mont Blanc Express	Alpine glaciers and the shadow of Europe’s highest peak
Paris → Bordeaux (TGV)	2 hours to wine country — one of France’s newest LGV lines
Corsican Railway	Across the mountains of the island of beauty
Eurostar to London	Under the Channel in 2h 15min — engineering marvel

Summary

France invented the modern high-speed train — and then built a network worthy of the innovation.

The TGV is fast, comfortable, and reaches almost everywhere. Paris to Marseille in 3 hours. Paris to Bordeaux in 2 hours. Paris to London in 2 hours 15 minutes. The speed is extraordinary.

But French rail travel is not just about speed.

The regional trains wind through lavender fields and Alpine valleys. The Train Jaune climbs the Pyrenees. The Train des Pignes explores the forgotten gorges of Provence. The Corsican railway crosses a Mediterranean island that still feels wild.

Two booking systems compete for your business. OUIGO offers €10 fares for those who pack light and do not mind suburban stations. TGV INOUI offers comfort and central stations for those willing to pay more. Advance tickets on either make French train travel surprisingly affordable.

The stations are grand. The café cars serve decent espresso. The views from the window shift from Gothic cathedrals to Mediterranean beaches to snow-capped peaks.

This is a country that takes trains seriously. And in return, the trains reward you with a France that unfolds, kilometer by kilometer, outside your window.

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Ready to explore?

• Book SNCF at sncf-connect.com
• Book OUIGO at ouigo.com
• Compare at trainline.com

Download the SNCF Connect app. Book early. And let France’s railways carry you from the Channel to the Mediterranean, from the Atlantic to the Alps.

Bon voyage!